{"id":3076,"date":"2012-10-22T14:10:10","date_gmt":"2012-10-22T14:10:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/?p=3076"},"modified":"2017-02-23T14:27:26","modified_gmt":"2017-02-23T11:27:26","slug":"beton-katki-maddeleri-ozellikleri-ve-kullanim-sekilleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/beton-katki-maddeleri-ozellikleri-ve-kullanim-sekilleri.html","title":{"rendered":"Beton Katk\u0131 Maddeleri, \u00d6zellikleri ve Kullan\u0131m \u015eekilleri"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/beton-kimyasal-katk\u0131.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-3171\" title=\"beton kimyasal katk\u0131\" src=\"http:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/beton-kimyasal-katk\u0131.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"183\" height=\"171\" \/><\/a>Konuyu detayl\u0131 incelemeden \u00f6nce, 3 soruya cevap vermek gerekmektedir :<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Beton Katk\u0131 Maddesi Nedir ?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Betonu olu\u015fturan temel malzemeler olan su, agrega ve \u00e7imento d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck miktarda kat\u0131lan organik veya inorganik maddelerdir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Beton Katk\u0131s\u0131 Neden Kullan\u0131l\u0131r ?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c7imento \u00f6zelliklerini belirli bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde iyile\u015ftirme amac\u0131 ile kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Beton Katk\u0131s\u0131 Ne Zaman Kullan\u0131l\u0131r ?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Katk\u0131 maddesinin t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re, beton \u00fcretilirken veya \u00fcretildikten sonra kullan\u0131larak taze veya sertle\u015fmi\u015f betonun \u00f6zellikleri iyile\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Beton katk\u0131lar\u0131, mineral, kimyasal ve fiber katk\u0131lar olmak \u00fczere 3 gruba ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Kimyasal Katk\u0131lar<\/span> <strong>:<\/strong> Daha \u00e7ok su\/\u00e7imento oran\u0131nda d\u00fczenleme yapma amac\u0131 ile kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Mineral Katk\u0131lar :<\/span> Betonun terlemesini azaltmak, ak\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak ve bu sayede sertle\u015fmi\u015f betonun dayan\u0131m ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak amac\u0131 ile kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Fiber Katk\u0131lar<\/span> <strong>:<\/strong> Fiberin \u00f6zelli\u011fine g\u00f6re, r\u00f6treyi azaltmak, betonda olu\u015fan mikro veya makro \u00e7atlaklar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ve ilerlemesini engellemek amac\u0131 ile kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Beton \u00dcretiminde En \u00c7ok Kullan\u0131lan Katk\u0131lar :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Ak\u0131\u015fkanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 Katk\u0131lar :<\/span> Su\/\u00e7imento oran\u0131n\u0131 azaltarak daha y\u00fcksek dayan\u0131m elde edebilmek, k\u00fctle betonlarda \u00e7imento miktar\u0131n\u0131 azaltarak hidratasyon \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek, i\u015flenebilirli\u011fi ve kolay yerle\u015fimi sa\u011flamak amac\u0131 ile kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar. Ak\u0131\u015fkanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar, su i\u00e7erisinde eriyen bo\u015fluklu yap\u0131dad\u0131rlar. Su ile birle\u015ferek beton i\u00e7ersindeki suyun y\u00fczey gerilimini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcrler. Beton i\u00e7ine hava s\u00fcr\u00fckleyerek \u00e7imento topakla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7erler ve beton i\u00e7erisindeki tanelerin birbiri \u00fczerinde kaymalar\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rarak i\u00e7 s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmeyi azaltmakta ve i\u015flenebilirli\u011fi ar\u0131t\u0131rmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p>Ak\u0131\u015fkanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 katk\u0131lar, ta\u015f\u0131ma betonlar\u0131nda, k\u00fctle betonlarda, pompa betonlar\u0131nda, haz\u0131r betonda, d\u00fczg\u00fcn y\u00fczey istenilen her yerde, \u00e7elik donat\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu yerlerde \u00e7imento a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 % 0.2- %0.5\u2019 i oran\u0131nda vb. kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Sv\u0131 halde ve kahverengidir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Taze beton \u00dczerindeki Etkileri : \u0130\u015flenebilirli\u011fi ve pompalanabilirli\u011fi art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Sertle\u015fmi\u015f Beton \u00dczerindeki Etkileri : Su\/\u00e7imento oran\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrerek daha y\u00fcksek, erken ve nihai mukavemet, daha az bo\u015fluklu, daha iyi y\u00fczeyler elde edilmesini sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Su Ge\u00e7irimsizlik Sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 Katk\u0131lar :<\/span> S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 hava s\u00fcr\u00fckleme \u00f6zelli\u011fi ile kapiler bo\u015fluklar\u0131 t\u0131kayarak betonu su ge\u00e7irimsiz hale getirir.\u00a0 Bu t\u00fcr katk\u0131lar daha \u00e7ok su yap\u0131lar\u0131nda\u00a0 ( havuz, depo, ar\u0131tma, baraj, t\u00fcnel, kanal vb.), bina temellerinde, \u00e7at\u0131 betonlar\u0131nda, istinat duvarlar\u0131nda vb. su ile temasta bulunan yap\u0131larda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Kahverengi ve s\u0131v\u0131 haldeki bu katk\u0131lar, \u00e7imento a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n % 0.5 i oran\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Taze Beton \u00dczerindeki Etkileri : Betonu j\u00f6le k\u0131vam\u0131na getirir.<\/li>\n<li>Sertle\u015fmi\u015f Beton \u00dczerindeki Etkileri : Betonu ge\u00e7irimsiz hale getirir bu sayede beton dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 artar. 7 ve 28 g\u00fcnl\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7 dayan\u0131mlar\u0131nda y\u00fckselme olur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Su Azalt\u0131c\u0131 Katk\u0131lar:<\/span> Betonun i\u015flenebilirli\u011fini azaltmadan, daha az su kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131 ile kullan\u0131lan katk\u0131 maddelidir. Bu katk\u0131 maddelerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ile\u00a0 su miktar\u0131 %5-%15 aras\u0131nda azal\u0131r ve beton mukavemeti de artar. Nihai mukavemette %40 art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00d6zellikle k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda, betona erken mukavemet kazand\u0131r\u0131r. \u00c7imentonun beton i\u00e7erisinde daha iyi da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Daha d\u00fczg\u00fcn y\u00fczeyli beton elde edilmesini sa\u011flar. Ayr\u0131ca su azalt\u0131c\u0131 katk\u0131lar dona kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r ve su ge\u00e7irimsizli\u011fi sa\u011flarlar.<\/p>\n<p>Su azalt\u0131c\u0131 katk\u0131 maddeleri kahverengi ve s\u0131v\u0131 haldedir.\u00a0 Yo\u011funlu\u011fu 20 <sup>0<\/sup>C\u2019 de yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.21 kg\/lt\u2019 dir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Taze Beton \u00dczerindeki Etkileri : Taze betonun ge\u00e7irimsizli\u011fi artar. R\u00f6tre azal\u0131r, donmaya kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k artar. Betonun ak\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 2 kaar t\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar, i\u015flenebilme artar.<\/li>\n<li>Sertle\u015fmi\u015f Beton \u00dczerindeki Etkileri : Su miktar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan(%25-%35)\u00a0 dolay\u0131 beton mukavemeti artar(28 g\u00fcnl\u00fck mukavemet 1000 kgf\/cm<sup>2<\/sup>) .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u00a0Priz Geciktirici Katk\u0131lar:<\/span> S\u0131cak, r\u00fczgarl\u0131 havalarda kullan\u0131lan katk\u0131 malzemeleridir. Su ile \u00e7imento aras\u0131nda olu\u015fan hidratasyona etki yapar, prizi geciktirir. Priz geciktirici katk\u0131lar, betonun 1 ve 2 g\u00fcnl\u00fck dayan\u0131mlar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda azalmaya neden olur, ancak 28 ve 90 g\u00fcnl\u00fck dayan\u0131mlar\u0131nda katk\u0131s\u0131z betonlar\u0131n mukavemetlerine k\u0131yasla daha y\u00fckske de\u011ferlere ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bu katk\u0131lar, priz \u00f6ncesi r\u00f6trenin artmas\u0131na neden olurlar.<\/p>\n<p>Priz geciktirici katk\u0131 maddeleri, genellikle hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu, rutubetin az oldu\u011fu, r\u00fczgar\u0131n fazla oldu\u011fu hava \u015fartlar\u0131nda, betonun uzun mesafeye ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 durumunda,\u00a0 geni\u015f hacimli betonun ( k\u00fctle betonu) d\u00f6k\u00fclmesi durumunda ve so\u011fuk derzlerin \u00f6nlenmesi durumunda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Priz geciktirici katk\u0131lar, \u00e7imento a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n % 0.2 &#8211; % 2\u2019 si aras\u0131nda uygulan\u0131p, bu oran s\u0131cakl\u0131k, nem ve r\u00fczgara g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. Renkleri, genellikle sar\u0131, ye\u015filimsi veya renksizdir. Yo\u011funlu\u011fu 20 <sup>0<\/sup>C\u2019 de 1.20 kg\/lt\u2019dir<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>-Priz geciktirici belli ba\u015fl\u0131 maddeler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lignos\u00fclfonat (kalsiyum, sodyum, amonyum). Bu madde ayn\u0131 zamanda betonun i\u00e7ine bir miktar hava da s\u00fcr\u00fckler.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Asitler ve hidroksikarbosilik asit tuzlar\u0131. Bu maddeler i\u00e7inde COOH asit fonksiyonlar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Genel form\u00fcl\u00fc C<sub>n<\/sub>(H<sub>2<\/sub>O)<sub>m <\/sub>olan karbonhidratlar. \u015eeker, glikoz, amidon ve sel\u00fcloz bu gruba girer.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Oksitler, \u00e7inko ve kur\u015fun oksit.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fosforik, fluorhidrik ve h\u00fcmik asit.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gliserin<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Boraks<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Taze Beton \u00dczerindeki Etkileri : Priz s\u00fcresini uzat\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Sertle\u015fmi\u015f Beton \u00dczerindeki Etkileri : \u0130lk g\u00fcnlerdeki bas\u0131n\u00e7 dayan\u0131mlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr ancak 7 ve 28 g\u00fcnl\u00fck dayan\u0131mlar\u0131, katk\u0131s\u0131z betona oranla daha y\u00fcksektir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u00a0Priz H\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 Katk\u0131lar:<\/span> Priz s\u00fcresini azaltmak, erken muavemet elde etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7imento ve su aras\u0131ndaki reaksiyonu h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131rlar. Ayr\u0131ca so\u011fuk habvalarda betonu don etkisinden korurlar.<\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>Priz h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar, erken mukavemet istenilen yap\u0131 betonlar\u0131nda, prefabrik beton \u00fcretiminde, so\u011fuk havalarda beton d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcnde, t\u00fcnellerin p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme kaplamalar\u0131nda, \u015fevlerde, y\u00fczme havuzlar\u0131nda, \u0131slak ve nemli y\u00fczeylerin kaplamalar\u0131nda, su ge\u00e7irmezlik istenilen yerlerde kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p>-Priz geciktirici belli ba\u015fl\u0131 maddeler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u00fct\u00fcn klor\u00fcrler, \u00f6zelikle CaCl<sub>2<\/sub>, NaCl, NH<sub>4<\/sub>Cl<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Alkali bazlar, NaOH, KOH, NH<sub>3<\/sub><\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Alkali tuzlar, Na<sub>2<\/sub>CO<sub>3<\/sub> gibi<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sodyum fluosilikat Na<sub>2<\/sub>SiF<sub>6<\/sub><\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kalsiyum nitrat CaNO<sub>3<\/sub> ve kalsiyum nitrit.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Bu maddeler aras\u0131nda en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan\u00a0 CaCl2 dir. \u00c7imento a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n %2 si oran\u0131nda, karma suyuna kat\u0131larak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.Prizi h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r ve erken mukavemeti art\u0131r\u0131r.Nihai mukavemette bir etkisi yoktur. Ancak %2 oran\u0131ndan fazla kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde r\u00f6tre art\u0131\u015f\u0131, donat\u0131larda korozyon, rutubet gibi olumsuzluklara neden olur. Bu olmsuzluklar, daha az miktarda olmakla beraber di\u011fer klor\u00fcr ve priz h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131clar i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Priz h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 katk\u0131lar\u00a0 genellikle beyazd\u0131r. Yo\u011funlu\u011fu 20 <sup>0<\/sup>C\u2019 de yakla\u015f\u0131k 0.8 kg\/lt\u2019dir. \u0130stenen etki, ortam \u015fartlar\u0131 ve \u00e7imento tipine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak % 0,5-3 orannda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Taze Beton \u00dczerindeki Etkileri : Betonun sertle\u015fme s\u00fcresi k\u0131sal\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Sertle\u015fmi\u015f Beton \u00dczerindeki Etkileri : Erken mukavemet artar, nihai mukavemette bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmaz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Hava S\u00fcr\u00fckleyici Katk\u0131lar:<\/span> Betonda hava miktar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak, hava bo\u015fluklar\u0131n\u0131 birbirinden ayr\u0131 \u00fcnifrom bir \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131tmak ve bu durumu beton prizi tamamlan\u0131ncaya kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in\u00a0 kullan\u0131lan katk\u0131 maddeleridir. Hava s\u00fcr\u00fckleyici katk\u0131lar, betonun i\u015flenebilirli\u011fini ve dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131rlar. Milyonlarca hava kabarc\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0 homojen bir \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131larak betonun donma-\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme olaylar\u0131ndan korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Bu katk\u0131 maddeleri genel olarak beton yollar, pist betonlar\u0131, hava alanlar \u0131ve su yap\u0131lar\u0131 gibi yerlerde \u00e7imento a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n % 0,03-0,15&#8217;i oran\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Taze Beton \u00dczerindeki Etkileri : Beton i\u00e7erisindeki hava miktar\u0131 artar( % 1,5-2&#8217;den % 3-6&#8217;ya \u00e7\u0131kar), beton daha i\u015flenebilir hale gelir.<\/li>\n<li>Sertle\u015fmi\u015f Beton \u00dczerindeki Etkileri : Betonun donma-\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme etkisine kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131m\u0131 artar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Not:\u00a0 Bas\u0131n\u00e7 dayan\u0131m\u0131 olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkiledi\u011finden\u00a0 n betonun havas\u0131 s\u0131k s\u0131k kontrol edilmeli, hava % 6\u2019 y\u0131 ge\u00e7memelidir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">P\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme Beton Katk\u0131lar\u0131:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme Betonu Nedir?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>P\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme beton, y\u00fcksek hava bas\u0131nc\u0131\u00a0 ile bir y\u00fczeye p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclen ve kendi kendine s\u0131k\u0131\u015fan betondur.P\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme betonun uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in erken priz alabilmesi ve mukavemet kazanabilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu ama\u00e7la psk\u00fcrtme betonlarda priz h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme betonu, kuru kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m ve ya\u015f kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m sistemleri olmak \u00fczere iki \u015fekilde uygulan\u0131r. Kuru kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m sisteminde \u00e7imento, agrega ve toz priz h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n kuru kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 bir makineye doldurulur. Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava yard\u0131m\u0131 ile hortumlardan nozula iletilir. Hidratasyon i\u00e7in gerekli su nozulda kat\u0131l\u0131r. Ya\u015f kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m sisteminde ise \u00e7imento, agrega makineye doldurulur. Su ve s\u0131v\u0131 priz h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 nozulda ilave edilir. Ya\u015f sistemde ise normal beton uygulamalar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi su \/ \u00e7imento oran\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f kimyasal katk\u0131l\u0131 beton kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 haz\u0131rlan\u0131r ve uygun makineler ile hortumdan nozula pompalan\u0131r. P\u00fcsk\u00fcrtmek i\u00e7in gerekli bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava ve s\u0131v\u0131 priz h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 katk\u0131lar nozulda betona ilave edilir<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>-P\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme Betonlar Nerelerde Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcnellerde, madenlerde, hidrog\u00fc\u00e7 projelerinde, \u015fev stabilizasyonlar\u0131nda\u00a0 kaya ve zemin deste\u011fi i\u00e7in kuru kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m ve ya\u015f kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme betonu kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>P\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme betonun priz h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 sodyum silikatlar, al\u00fcminatlar ve alkali i\u00e7ermeyen priz h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 gruba ay\u0131rabiliriz. P\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme beton katk\u0131lar\u0131, \u00e7imento tipine, istenilen priz ve mukavemet de\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re \u00e7imento a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n % 3- %10 oran\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar. Priz h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 olumlu etkilerinin\u00a0 yan\u0131s\u0131ra nihai mukavemetlerde belirli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015flere (\u00f6zelikle sodyum silikatlar ve al\u00fcminatlar) neden olurlar. Bu sebepten dolay\u0131 priz h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n dozaj\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca az olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme betonun katk\u0131lar\u0131 genellikle beyaz ve krem renkli olup toz ve s\u0131v\u0131 haldedir. Yo\u011funlu\u011fu 20 <sup>o<\/sup>C\u2019 de 1.1 kg\/lt dir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Taze Beton \u00dczerindeki Etkileri : H\u0131zl\u0131 priz alma, geri sekme oran\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 ile kal\u0131n tabakalar halinde d\u00fc\u015feyde ve yatayda tutunabilme, kohezyon art\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Sertle\u015fmi\u015f Beton \u00dczerindeki Etkileri : nihai neton dayan\u0131m\u0131nda %20-%25 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f, yetersiz durabilite, donma \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclme direncinde azalma, y\u00fcksek hidrolik r\u00f6tre<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Di\u011fer Katk\u0131lar :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Silis Duman\u0131 Katk\u0131 Maddesi:<\/span> Havameydanlar\u0131, yollar, genel ama\u00e7l\u0131 d\u00f6\u015feme kaplamalar\u0131 vb. yerlerde, beton \u00e7arpma etkisine maruz kalabilir. Betonun \u00e7arpma dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda, bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n faydal\u0131 \u00f6m\u00fcrleri k\u0131salabilir ya da yap\u0131 kullan\u0131lmaz hale gelebilir. Silis duman\u0131 katk\u0131 maddesi, beton \u00e7arpma dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Bit\u00fcml\u00fc \u015eist Katk\u0131s\u0131 :<\/span> Yol, hava alan\u0131 pisti, d\u00f6\u015feme, k\u00f6pr\u00fc, baraj gibi d\u0131\u015f etkenlere, \u00e7arpma veya s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme etkilerine maruz kalan yap\u0131 y\u00fczeylerinde a\u015f\u0131nmalar meydana gelir. Bit\u00fcml\u00fc \u015fist katk\u0131s\u0131 bu gibi yap\u0131larda betonun a\u015f\u0131nmaya kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Epoksi:<\/span> Beton yap\u0131lardaki \u00e7atlaklar\u0131n onar\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. 0,005 mm&#8217;ye kadar olan k\u0131lcal \u00e7atlaklar epoksi enjeksiyon y\u00f6ntemi ile onar\u0131labilirler. Ancak \u00e7atlak y\u00fczeylerinin nemli, \u0131slak olmamas\u0131na dikkat edilmelidir. Bu gibi durumlarda neme uyumlu epoksi kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Beton Katk\u0131 Maddeleri Kullan\u0131rken Dikkat!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Beton kark\u0131 malzemeleri kullan\u0131l\u0131rken, baz\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerde istedi\u011fimiz y\u00f6nde de\u011fi\u015fimler g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken, di\u011fer \u00f6zellikler \u00fczerinde olumsuz etki olu\u015fabilir. Bu gibi durumlar\u0131n olu\u015fup olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in baz\u0131 deneyler yapmak gerekmektedir:<\/p>\n<p>K\u0131vam deneyi,<\/p>\n<p>Priz deneyi,<\/p>\n<p>Hacim sabitli\u011fi deneyi,<\/p>\n<p>R\u00f6tre deneyi,<\/p>\n<p>Hidratasyon \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 deneyi,<\/p>\n<p>Mukavemet deneyi,<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Katk\u0131l\u0131 ve katk\u0131s\u0131z numunelerde yap\u0131lan bu deneylerde elde edilen sonu\u00e7lar birbiriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak kullan\u0131lan katk\u0131 maddesinin di\u011fer \u00f6zelikler \u00fczerinde olumsuz bir etki yap\u0131p yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131labilir. Bu \u015fekilde bir incelemede olumlu sonu\u00e7 elde edildikten sonra o katk\u0131 maddesinin kullan\u0131lma yoluna gidilmelidir. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir hata, \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck olumsuzluklara neden olabilece\u011fi i\u00e7in, katk\u0131 maddesi kullan\u0131m\u0131nda \u00e7ok titiz davran\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-3076 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/beton-kimyasal-katk\u0131.jpg'><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAIAAAABCAQAAABeK7cBAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkAAIAAAoAAv\/lxKUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail geo-lazy\" alt=\"beton kimyasal katk\u0131\" loading=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/beton-kimyasal-katk\u0131-150x150.jpg\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/beton-katk\u0131-maddesi.jpg'><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAIAAAABCAQAAABeK7cBAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkAAIAAAoAAv\/lxKUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail geo-lazy\" alt=\"beton katk\u0131 maddesi\" loading=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/beton-katk\u0131-maddesi-150x150.jpg\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/beton-yap\u0131-kimyasal\u0131.jpg'><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAIAAAABCAQAAABeK7cBAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkAAIAAAoAAv\/lxKUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail geo-lazy\" alt=\"beton yap\u0131 kimyasal\u0131\" loading=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/beton-yap\u0131-kimyasal\u0131-150x150.jpg\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme-beton.jpg'><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAIAAAABCAQAAABeK7cBAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkAAIAAAoAAv\/lxKUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail geo-lazy\" alt=\"p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme beton\" loading=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme-beton-150x150.jpg\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/su-ge\u00e7irimsizlik-katk\u0131.jpg'><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAIAAAABCAQAAABeK7cBAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkAAIAAAoAAv\/lxKUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail geo-lazy\" alt=\"su ge\u00e7irimsizlik katk\u0131\" loading=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/su-ge\u00e7irimsizlik-katk\u0131-150x150.jpg\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/ak\u0131\u015fkanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131-beton-katk\u0131.gif'><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAIAAAABCAQAAABeK7cBAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkAAIAAAoAAv\/lxKUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail geo-lazy\" alt=\"ak\u0131\u015fkanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 beton katk\u0131\" loading=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/ak\u0131\u015fkanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131-beton-katk\u0131-150x150.gif\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/beton-fiber-katk\u0131.jpg'><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAIAAAABCAQAAABeK7cBAAAAC0lEQVR42mNkAAIAAAoAAv\/lxKUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail geo-lazy\" alt=\"beton fiber katk\u0131\" loading=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/10\/beton-fiber-katk\u0131-150x150.jpg\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<address>\u00a0kaynak: www.teknolojikarastirmalar.com tr.wikipedia.org\u00a0 www.thbb.org<\/address>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Konuyu detayl\u0131 incelemeden \u00f6nce, 3 soruya cevap vermek gerekmektedir : &nbsp; Beton Katk\u0131 Maddesi Nedir&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3173,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[76],"tags":[884],"class_list":["post-3076","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-insaat-malzemeleri","tag-epoksi"],"aioseo_notices":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3076","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3076"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3076\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3173"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3076"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3076"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3076"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}