{"id":5973,"date":"2018-03-15T20:05:28","date_gmt":"2018-03-15T17:05:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/?p=5973"},"modified":"2021-09-24T13:02:25","modified_gmt":"2021-09-24T10:02:25","slug":"beton-cesitleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/beton-cesitleri.html","title":{"rendered":"Beton \u00c7e\u015fitleri ve Kullan\u0131m Yerleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Merhaba arkada\u015flar.<\/p>\n

\u0130n\u015faat malzemelerini yeni tan\u0131maya ba\u015flayan arkada\u015flar i\u00e7in k\u0131saca beton \u00e7e\u015fitlerine de\u011finmek istiyorum. \u00a0Bildi\u011finiz \u00fczere beton, \u00e7elikle beraber son y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131n en \u00f6nemli in\u015faat malzemesinden birisidir. Sadece ana ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k de\u011fil, biti\u015f malzemesi, estetik uygulamalar\u00a0\u00a0vb. pek \u00e7ok yard\u0131mc\u0131 \u00a0g\u00f6revleri\u00a0de \u00fcstlenir.<\/p>\n

\u0130n\u015faat i\u015flerinde en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan beton \u00e7e\u015fitleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloda g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir :<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Beton Kategorileri<\/span><\/td>\nBeton S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/span><\/td>\n\u00c7imento S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/span><\/td>\nK\u0131vam<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grobetonlar (Detayl\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in\u00a0Grobeton Nedir? Nas\u0131l D\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr<\/a>\u00a0)<\/span><\/td>\nGRO 150<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GRO 200<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GRO 250<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Standart Betonlar
\n(Not : Br\u00fct betonlar, estetik ama\u00e7l\u0131 veya \u00fczerine yap\u0131lacak kaplama imalatlar\u0131 i\u00e7in, br\u00fct, pr\u00fczs\u00fcz y\u00fczey elde etmek amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00a0Dayan\u0131m ayn\u0131 olup, beton kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m oran\u0131 ile br\u00fctl\u00fck sa\u011flan\u0131r. )\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n		C14<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C16<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C18<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C20<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C20 br\u00fct<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C25<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C25 br\u00fct<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C30<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C30 br\u00fct<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C35<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C40<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C45<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C50<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Y\u00fcksek\u00a0Mukavemetli<\/span><\/td>\nC55<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0Betonlar ( Burada belirtilenden daha y\u00fcksek s\u0131n\u0131flar da vard\u0131r, genelde baraj, k\u00f6pr\u00fc, t\u00fcnel, g\u00f6kdelen gibi mega projelerde kullan\u0131l\u0131r)<\/span><\/td>\nC60<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hafif\u00a0Betonlar (Birim hacim a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (yo\u011funlu\u011fu) 0,70-2,00 kg\/dm3<\/sup> aras\u0131nda olan betonlara hafif beton denir.)\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nLC14<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LC16<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LC18<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LC20<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LC25<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A\u011f\u0131r Betonlar (A\u011f\u0131r betonlar \u00f6zellikle zararl\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131nlara kar\u015f\u0131 bir perde olu\u015fturmak amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan, birim a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 2.800-5.000 kg\/dm3<\/sup> aras\u0131nda olan betonlard\u0131r. Kullan\u0131m yerleri aras\u0131nda n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rler yani atom santralleri, hastanelerin \u0131\u015f\u0131n tedavisi yap\u0131lan b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri g\u00f6sterilebilir.)\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\nHC25<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HC30<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u015eap\u00a0Betonlar\u0131<\/span><\/td>\n\u015eAP 200<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u015eAP 250<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u015eAP 300<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u015eAP 350<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u015eAP 400<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u015eAP 450<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u015eAP 500<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Shotcrete\u00a0Betonlar\u0131<\/span><\/td>\nSHOT 200<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHOT 250<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHOT 300<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHOT 350<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHOT 400<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHOT 450<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHOT 500<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S\u0131valar<\/span><\/td>\nHZ. YA\u015e SIVA<\/span><\/td>\nCEM I-V<\/span><\/td>\nS1-4<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00d6ZEL BETONLAR<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2192 Hafif betonlar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2192 S\u00fclfat etkisine dayan\u0131kl\u0131 beton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2192 Donmaya kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131 beton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2192 Yol betonu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2192 Su ge\u00e7irimsiz beton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2192 Denizde su alt\u0131 betonlar\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2192 Zemin \u015faplar\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2192 Renkli betonlar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2192 Ak\u0131c\u0131 dolgu betonlar\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2192 Lifli (\u00e7elik, polipropilen) betonlar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2192 Perlitli betonlar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2192 Kendili\u011finden yerle\u015fen ve s\u0131k\u0131\u015fan beton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\"\"

 <\/p>\n

KIVAM SINIFLARI:\u00a0<\/b><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Betonun i\u015flenebilme \u00f6zelli\u011fi ile tayin edilebilmektedir; K\u0131vam ,betonun kullan\u0131m yarine (kal\u0131p geometrisi,demir s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131,e\u011fim),betonun yerle\u015ftirme ,s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ,mastarlama imkanlar\u0131na ve i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fine,\u015fantiyede beton iletim imkanlar\u0131na (pompa,kova) ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00f6zenle se\u00e7ilmesi gereken bir \u00f6zelliktir.Haz\u0131r Beton Standard\u0131 TSE-EN 206-1 5 k\u0131vam s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
K\u0131vam S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00c7\u00f6kme<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/td>\nEn k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck de\u011fer mm<\/td>\nEn B\u00fcy\u00fck De\u011fer mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S1<\/td>\n10 mm<\/td>\n40 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S2<\/td>\n50 mm<\/td>\n90 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S3<\/td>\n100 mm<\/td>\n150 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S4<\/td>\n160 mm<\/td>\n210 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S5<\/td>\n\u2265220 mm<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
\n
S1,S2,S3,S4 ve S5 sembolleri ile tan\u0131mlanan bu k\u0131vam s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 ,\u00e7\u00f6kme (slump) konisi deneyi ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmektedir.haz\u0131r betonda \u015fantiye teslimi k\u0131vam , ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u00fcresi ve beton s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.Ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u00fcresi ve beton y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e , santralden \u015fantiyeye k\u0131vam kayb\u0131 artmaktad\u0131r.Bu k\u0131vam kayb\u0131n\u0131n betona su verilerek dengelenmesi S5 220mm \u00e7\u00f6kmemesi mukavemetini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmektedir.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Slump (\u00e7\u00f6kme) deneyi yap\u0131l\u0131rken;<\/div>\n
\u2022 \u00c7\u00f6kme hunisi d\u00fcz bir zemine konur.<\/div>\n
\u2022 Standart \u00e7\u00f6kme hunisi \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7e\u015fit kademede doldurulup (1\/3-2\/3-\/3\/3),her kademede 25 kez standart \u015fi\u015fleme \u00e7ubu\u011fuyla \u015fi\u015flenir.<\/div>\n
\u2022 Huni tamamen dolunca \u00fcst y\u00fczeyi mala ile d\u00fczlenir<\/div>\n
\u2022 Huni yava\u015fca yukar\u0131 do\u011fru kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r,bu s\u0131rada taze beton kendi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00e7\u00f6ker.<\/div>\n
\u2022 \u015ei\u015fleme \u00e7ubu\u011fu huninin \u00fczerine konur ve \u00e7\u00f6ken betonun \u00fcst seviyesinden \u00e7ubu\u011fun alt\u0131na kadar olan mesafe \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.Bu uzunluk taze betonun \u00e7\u00f6kme (slump) de\u011feri olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Betonun yerle\u015ftirme i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda vibrat\u00f6r kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r.\u2019\u2019Afet b\u00f6lgelerinde yap\u0131lacak yap\u0131lar hakk\u0131nda y\u00f6netmelik\u2019\u2019 de vibrat\u00f6r kullanmadan beton d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fc i\u015flemi yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u015ei\u015fleme,tokmaklama v.b. elle s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma usulleri,yaln\u0131zca vibrat\u00f6r kullan\u0131m\u0131yla beraber,yard\u0131mc\u0131 usuller olarak kabullenilir.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
Betonun ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda olu\u015fan k\u0131vam kayb\u0131n\u0131n muhtemel nedenleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakiler olabilir;<\/div>\n