{"id":8871,"date":"2021-09-01T21:31:46","date_gmt":"2021-09-01T18:31:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/?p=8871"},"modified":"2021-09-04T21:41:15","modified_gmt":"2021-09-04T18:41:15","slug":"zemin-etudu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/zemin-etudu.html","title":{"rendered":"Zemin Et\u00fcd\u00fc Nedir, Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r, Raporu Nas\u0131l Haz\u0131rlan\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_80 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Bu \u0130\u00e7erikte Okuyacaklar\u0131n\u0131z : <\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/zemin-etudu.html\/#Zemin_Etudu_Ne_Demek\" >Zemin Et\u00fcd\u00fc Ne Demek ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/zemin-etudu.html\/#Zemin_Etudu_Neden_ve_Nasil_Yapilir\" >Zemin Et\u00fcd\u00fc Neden ve Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/zemin-etudu.html\/#Zemin_Etudu_Raporu_Nedir_ve_Nasil_Hazirlanir\" >Zemin Et\u00fcd\u00fc Raporu Nedir ve Nas\u0131l Haz\u0131rlan\u0131r ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/zemin-etudu.html\/#Sondaj_Nedir\" >Sondaj Nedir ?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zemin_Etudu_Ne_Demek\"><\/span>Zemin Et\u00fcd\u00fc Ne Demek ?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Belirlenen arsa ile ilgili yer alt\u0131 tabakalar\u0131n\u0131n konumunu, durumunu, hangi jeolojik yap\u0131ya sahip oldu\u011funu, yo\u011funlu\u011funu, derinli\u011fini, kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ivmesini, sismik h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131, yer alt\u0131 su derinli\u011fini, elektrik \u00f6zdirencini ve bu tabakalar\u0131n olas\u0131 bir deprem kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00f6sterece\u011fi tepkiyi g\u00f6rmek amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara zemin et\u00fcd\u00fc denir.<\/p>\n<p>Yap\u0131lar in\u015faat edilmeden \u00f6nce, gelecek zamanda olu\u015fabilecek tehlikelere ve risklere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlem almak i\u00e7in yap\u0131n\u0131n zemin \u00f6zellikleri belirlenmelidir. Zemin et\u00fcd\u00fc bu risklerden 1999 G\u00f6lc\u00fck depreminden sonra zorunlu hale getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8873 aligncenter\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAYYAAADcAQMAAABOLJSDAAAAA1BMVEUAAACnej3aAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAACJJREFUaIHtwTEBAAAAwqD1T20ND6AAAAAAAAAAAAAA4N8AKvgAAUFIrrEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/zemin-etudu-calism-350x194.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"194\" \/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8873 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/zemin-etudu-calism-350x194.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"194\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zemin_Etudu_Neden_ve_Nasil_Yapilir\"><\/span>Zemin Et\u00fcd\u00fc Neden ve Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r ?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8874 aligncenter\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAYYAAADcAQMAAABOLJSDAAAAA1BMVEUAAACnej3aAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAACJJREFUaIHtwTEBAAAAwqD1T20ND6AAAAAAAAAAAAAA4N8AKvgAAUFIrrEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/zemin-etudu-calismassi-350x228.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"228\" \/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8874 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/zemin-etudu-calismassi-350x228.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"228\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p>Zemin et\u00fcd\u00fcn\u00fcn amac\u0131, in\u015faat \u00f6ncesi ilgili arazinin gerekli analizini yapmakt\u0131r. Bu analizler, b\u00f6lgenin kaya yap\u0131s\u0131, bu kayalar\u0131n sismik duru\u015fu ve s\u00f6z konusu arazinin fay hatt\u0131 \u00fczerinde mi veya fay ile olan mesafesinin belirlenmesi gibi etkenler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<p>Yer alt\u0131 su seviyesinin (YASS) durumu ile zemin et\u00fcd\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ard\u0131ndan temel tipine karar verilmektedir. Zeminlerin m\u00fchendislik \u00f6zelliklerini belirler. Yap\u0131 temelinin ta\u015f\u0131ma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc belirler. Meydana gelecek herhangi bir oturman\u0131n olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 hasar gibi problemleri tan\u0131mlar. Zeminin s\u0131v\u0131la\u015fma durumunu belirler. Bunlar gibi \u00f6nemli bilgileri elde etmek yap\u0131n\u0131n gelece\u011fi hakk\u0131nda bilgi sahibi olmam\u0131z sa\u011flanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Zemin et\u00fcd\u00fc, zemin cinsine g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlerle yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntemlerden g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpanlar ; sismik, manyetik, elektrik, gravite, radyoaktivite ve elektromanyetik t\u00fcrleridir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130lk ba\u015fta zemin et\u00fcd\u00fc ihtiyac\u0131 bulunan arazi incelenerek hem jeolojik hem de jeoteknik a\u00e7\u0131dan zeminin \u00f6zellikleri belirli bir duruma getirilir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130lgili araziye sondaj \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yap\u0131larak numuneler al\u0131n\u0131r ve numunelerin analizi i\u00e7in analiz yetene\u011fi y\u00fcksek firmalara numuneler verilir ve bu numuneler laboratuvarda incelenir.<\/p>\n<p>Yer alt\u0131 radarlar\u0131 sebebiyle haz\u0131r da bulunan yap\u0131lar belirlenir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zemin_Etudu_Raporu_Nedir_ve_Nasil_Hazirlanir\"><\/span>Zemin Et\u00fcd\u00fc Raporu Nedir ve Nas\u0131l Haz\u0131rlan\u0131r ?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Zemin et\u00fcd\u00fc raporu, parsele g\u00f6re zemin \u00f6zelliklerinin bulundu\u011fu rapordur. Zeminin yap\u0131s\u0131, cinsi ve \u00f6zellikleri zemin et\u00fcd\u00fc raporu i\u00e7erisinde bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu rapor, incelenen zemin \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilen yap\u0131 i\u00e7in yol g\u00f6sterir. Bu zemin et\u00fcd\u00fc i\u00e7in gerekli olan rapor, bu konuda uzman olan Jeoloji M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131na veya Jeofizik M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131na kay\u0131tl\u0131 olan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 \u015firket kurulu\u015flar\u0131ndan temin edilir. Haz\u0131rlanan bu rapor, zemin et\u00fcd\u00fc y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi \u015fartlar\u0131na uymal\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 Zemin et\u00fcd\u00fc i\u015flemleri farkl\u0131 kriterlere g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Bu farkl\u0131 kriterler, zemin et\u00fcd\u00fc masraflar\u0131n\u0131 etkilemektedir. Parsel ile alakal\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma durumlar\u0131nda proje tipi, yap\u0131n\u0131n oturma alan\u0131 ve kategorilere ayr\u0131lan yap\u0131lar\u0131n ama\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile ka\u00e7 say\u0131da sondaj yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, hangi jeofizik ve jeoteknik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ihtiya\u00e7 duyulaca\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re fiyatland\u0131rmas\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Zemin et\u00fct firmalar\u0131 ile haz\u0131rlanan rapor, zeminle alakal\u0131 bir\u00e7ok bilgiyi bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 gereken raporun \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n genelgelerine uygun hale getirmek gerekir. Bu format\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 genelgede, zeminin fiziksel parametreleri, zeminin temel ve yap\u0131 ile etkile\u015fimi ve standartlar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn esaslara uygun hale getirilmesi gerekmektedir. Zemin et\u00fcd\u00fc raporu, laboratuvar, b\u00fcro ve arazi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131ran, yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kapsam\u0131 geni\u015f bilgiye sahip olan bir rapordur.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sondaj_Nedir\"><\/span>Sondaj Nedir ?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8876 aligncenter\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAYYAAADcAQMAAABOLJSDAAAAA1BMVEUAAACnej3aAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAACJJREFUaIHtwTEBAAAAwqD1T20ND6AAAAAAAAAAAAAA4N8AKvgAAUFIrrEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/sondaj-350x345.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"345\" \/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8876 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/sondaj-350x345.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"345\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p>Sondaj k\u0131sa olarak belirli sebep ve esaslara g\u00f6re kaya k\u0131rma veya delme i\u015flemlerinin ad\u0131d\u0131r. Su, petrol ve do\u011fal gaz gibi do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131 yer alt\u0131ndan temin etmek i\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7 olan sondaj makineleri ile zemini delme i\u015flemidir. Dikey olarak deli\u011fin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in sondaj makinelerinde bulunan matkap ucu gibi bir aletle delme i\u015flemine ba\u015flan\u0131r. Baz\u0131 sondaj \u00e7e\u015fitlerinde rezervlere direkt ula\u015f\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k yatay sondaj denilen a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131 delme i\u015flemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir. Ula\u015fmak istenilen rezervlere ula\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra sondaj i\u015flemi bitmi\u015f olur ve bundan sonra borular ile yer y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak gerek duyulan ekipmanlar\u0131n (vana, boru vs.) sisteme birbiri ile ba\u011flanma yoluyla sondaj i\u015flemi sona erer.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zemin et\u00fcd\u00fc ne i\u015fe yarar, neden ve nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r. Zemin et\u00fcd\u00fc raporu nas\u0131l haz\u0131rlan\u0131r gibi konular\u0131 merak edenler i\u00e7in faydal\u0131 bir rehber yaz\u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":8883,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8871","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-insaat-terimleri"],"aioseo_notices":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8871","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8871"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8871\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8889,"href":"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8871\/revisions\/8889"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8883"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8871"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8871"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aykutozdemir.com.tr\/insaat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8871"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}